Cognitive and Observational Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cognitive and Observational Learning - Essay Example The learning, which is acquired from observing others, is called observational learning. According to the observational learning theory the behavior of an observer changes when he or she views the behavior of another model. (Woods & Boyd, 2008) We first observe the behavior of other people and consequences and then we apply it to our lives. Positive and negative consequences can affect our behavior. There two main principles behind observational learning theory. First, the observer learns and imitates the behavior of another model if the other person has intelligence, good looks and talent. Second, the observer will only reacts to the rewarded behavior of the other person and if the model behavior is punished which is called the vicarious punishment then there are less chances that the observer will imitates the model's behavior. Cognitive learning theory is concerned with the behavior that involves more than a response and an environmental stimulus. It is related with the experiences of our behavior. The cognitive theory differs from the observational learning theory because it involves analysis of information through thinking and remembering which is our internal event. (Woods & Boyd, 2008) But these internal events are deeply related to the observation of behavior of another model. ... The main focus of cognitive learning is on the organism, which is the processor of several types of information, which helps in modifying the new experiences. It also helps in relating new experiences with the past experiences in order to organize information for storage. The cognitive theorists assume that the learning occurs in the absence of an obvious behavior. Some cognitive theorist believes that reinforcement is not necessary element of the learning process. An organism only demonstrates latent learning when he or she is willing to show it. Our internal states are responsible for differences in behavior. The early cognitive theorists rejected this idea. So, the behavior varies from person to person depending on the physiology and the metal states. Conclusion Learning is the process of understanding and acquiring knowledge and skills. Both the perspectives of learning i.e. observational and cognitive theories are essential for our learning. They are related to each other. Learning starts form observation and collection of information and then this information is processed and analyzed by our minds in order to store the information and later retrieving the stored information. References: The world of psychology 6th edition by Wood, S.e., Wood, E.G., & Boyd, D

Information Technology Infrastructure Library ( ITIL ) Assignment

Information Technology Infrastructure Library ( ITIL ) - Assignment Example Question 2 It is important to identify these business requirements at the initial level because the supply chain management system must align with all these business requirements and ITIL best practices. The business objectives for this scenario after implementing ITIL are: Recognizing and documenting the scope of support services along with dependencies and interfaces interlinked with the suppliers Document the accountabilities and roles of sub-contractors and imperative suppliers Implementing change management process within the organization for updating contracts Evaluating, monitoring and generating reports on performance of the suppliers to identify improvements Incorporating system auditing Risk assessment for calculating risks associated with all trading partners and contracts Evaluating the value as well as profits of trading partners and contracts Implementing and maintaining a database including all the records for trading partners and contractors Deliver Value to the custo mer Ensure product delivery on time Question 3 The goal for designing a service for one solution is to ensure stability and incorporation within all activities and processes of all IT function providing end to end business alignment by supporting functionality and quality. The primary objective for a service design stage is to introduce a new service design in to the live environment. Likewise, it is essential to take a holistic approach rather than just precisely focusing a domain because, the design may impact other dependencies available in the system i.e. service portfolio and service catalogue, the architecture, the technology, management system, tools, current service management processes and essential metrics. Goals of designing service are: Must meet business requirements that is associated with compliance, risk, quality, security, efficient IT and business resolutions Must meet allocated cost Not be too complex and time consuming to develop Risk mitigation before implementi ng service in the live environment Design metrics to measure service design performance Question 4 Configuration baselines that are also called standardized configurations is associated with configuring a service, product or infrastructure that has been reviewed and agreed previously and for changes in future, only formal change procedures can be used. These formal change procedures incorporate the structure and complete details associated with the configuration that demonstrates a configuration item related to each other. As per the current scenario, baseline configurations for one solution are: Service Design Baseline After a change Question 5 As demand management is considered as a vital part of service management, one solution can adopt off peak pricing, volume discounts and differentiated service levels can affect the transportation of demands in precise patterns. Though, capacity can still be compensated by demands. One solution can utilize unused capacity for delivering servi ce levels to the customers. In this, way, customers can receive the required product in a timely manner by and the unused capacity will deliver value by higher levels of assurance. In contrast to insufficient capacity, quality of services will be impacted as well as limits the growth of the organization, for example, one solution. Service level agreements with the customers, planning